Archibald McLeish yog ib tus kws sau paj lug Asmeskas thiab kws sau keeb kwm, Neeg Ua Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1, tus kws khaws ntaub ntawv ntawm Congress, Harvard cov xibfwb thiab tus yeej ntawm peb Pulitzer Prizes. Tus kws sau ntawm ntau yam yeeb yam thiab yeeb yaj kiab rau xov tooj cua thiab kev ua yeeb yam.
Biography
Archibald McLeish yug rau lub Tsib Hlis 7, 1892 hauv Glencoe, Illinois. Txiv - Andrew McLeish, Scottish los ntawm yug los, tus tsim ntawm Chicago chav khw "Carson Peary Scott". Niam - Martha McLeish (Hillard) - xibfwb thiab tus thawj coj ntawm Rockford College.
Archibald tau kawm ntawm Tsev Kawm Ntawv Hotchkiss. Tom qab kawm ntawv nws nkag mus hauv Yale University nrog kev tshwj xeeb hauv lus Askiv. MacLish ho mus kawm ntxiv nyob Harvard Law School.
Thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Thoob Ntiaj Teb nws tau ua tus neeg tsav tsheb thauj neeg mob, tom qab ntawd nws tau kawm ua tub rog. Tus Neeg Koom Tes ntawm Kev Ua Tsov Rog Zaum Ob ntawm Marne. Archibald tus kwv tij Kenneth McLeish raug tua thaum tsov rog.
Tom qab ua tsov rog, McLeish qhia kev cai lij choj ntawm Harvard tau ib xyoos, tom qab ntawd tau txais haujlwm ua haujlwm kho lub luag haujlwm hauv New Republic magazine, tom qab ntawd siv sijhawm peb xyoos xyaum kev cai lij choj hauv Boston.
Xyoo 1926 nws tso nws thawj thawj zaj paj huam "Memorial Rain", mob siab rau qhov phem ntawm Thawj Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj.
Lub neej nyob paris
Xyoo 1923, MacLeish tau tawm hauv txoj haujlwm kev cai lij choj thiab mus nrog nws tus poj niam mus rau Paris, qhov chaw uas lawv tau los ua tswvcuab ntawm zej zog ntawm kev tawm suab thiab ib feem ntawm kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov tswv ntawm Fab Kis Riviera. Archibald rov qab los ntawm Paris rau Amelikas xyoo 1930, tom qab ntawd nws tau txoj haujlwm ua tus kws sau ntawv thiab sau ntawv hauv phau ntawv xov xwm "Fortuna", uas nws tau ua haujlwm mus txog xyoo 1938.
Hauv Paris, MacLeish tau luam tawm nws zaj paj huam, uas tau muag sai sai. Txij thaum ntawd los, nws tau pib khwv nyiaj los ntawm sau paj huam thiab paj huam. Xyoo 1932, ib qho ntawm McLeish cov paj huam ntev, Lub Conquistador, yeej qhov khoom plig Pulitzer.
Los ntawm xyoo 1938, McLeish tau mob siab rau kev ua nom ua tswv, tshaj tawm lub tswv yim ntawm kev tawm tsam kev siab phem.
Ua haujlwm ntawm Cov Qiv Cov Ntawv Teev Tseg
American cov tsev qiv ntawv qeb siab rau McLeish yog ib ntawm 100 qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv librarianship ntawm xyoo pua 20th. Tam sim tom qab qhov no, Archibald tus phooj ywg Felix Frankfurter tau yaum Asmeskas Thawj Tswj Hwm Franklin Roosevelt los ua McLeish Librarian ntawm Congress, uas tau ua tiav thaum Lub Xya Hli 10, 1939.
Thaum lub sijhawm nws los ua tus kws khaws ntaub ntawv McLeish, nws tau txhim kho ntau cov haujlwm ntawm cov chaw ua haujlwm no, tsim ntau lub chaw ua haujlwm, thiab tau npaj kho cov qauv kev khiav haujlwm ntawm Lub Tsev Qiv Ntawv. Lub Chaw Qiv Ntawv qub muaj 35 qhov kev faib ua, lub chaw tshiab pib ua haujlwm tsuas muaj peb pawg.
Txuas ntxiv, nyob rau hauv McLeish, Lub Chaw Qiv Ntawv tau pib tshaj tawm txog nws cov haujlwm, thiab Asmeskas Congress tau nce nyiaj ntxiv. Vim qhov no, cov nyiaj hli ntawm Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm ntawm Cov Tsev Qiv Ntawv tau nce siab, cov neeg tau txais cov phau ntawv tau nce, thiab cov haujlwm tshiab tau tshwm sim.
Thaum xyoo 1944, McLeish tau tawm mus ua Librarian of Congress thiab tau ua tus Lwm Thawj Fwm Tsav Saib Xyuas Feem Txawv Tebchaws ntawm lub Tsev Haujlwm Pej Xeem.
Tsov Rog Zaum Ob Zaum Ob
Thaum Lub Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog Zaum II, McLeish tau sib koom tsim Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Tshawb Xyuas ntawm Lub Chaw Haujlwm ntawm Lub Chaw Haujlwm Pabcuam, tus thawj ntawm CIA.
McLeish tseem ua tus thawj coj ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Qhov Tseeb thiab Cov Nuj Tuav ntawm Cov Thawj Tub Rog thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II thiab yog Tus Pab Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Cov Ntaub Ntawv Kev Ua Rog. Tsis tas li ntawm cov xyoo dhau los ua tsov rog, McLeish tau sau ntau yam haujlwm hauv kev nom kev tswv, thiab kuj tau siv sijhawm ib xyoo ua tus Assistant Secretary of State rau Public Relations thiab sawv cev rau Tebchaws Meskas ntawm UNESCO rau lwm xyoo.
Tom qab qhov kawg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob, Archibald so los ntawm kev pabcuam pej xeem.
Kev sau ua haujlwm
Xyoo 1949, McLeish tau dhau los ua tus xibfwb ntawm rhetoric thiab oratory ntawm Boyleston, Harvard University. Nws yuav tuav txoj haujlwm no txog xyoo 1962.
Los ntawm xyoo 1950, Archibald twb yog tus tsim cov ntawv sau sab laug, ua haujlwm hauv cov koom haum sab laug thiab cov phooj ywg nrog cov kws sau ntawv sab laug. Xyoo 1959 nws tau txais qhov khoom plig thib ob ntawm Pulitzer rau nws qhov kev ua yeeb yam JB.
Txij xyoo 1963 txog 1967, McLeish ua haujlwm ntawm Amherst College ua tus qhia kev paub rau John Woodruff Simpson. Xyoo 1969, koom tes nrog Bob Dylan, nws sau ntau zaj nkauj rau tom kawg.
Txojsia thiab khoom plig
Archibald McLeish dhau los ua thawj tus Librarian ntawm Congress pib ua cov txheej txheem kev xaiv npe rau dab tsi yuav los ua Tus Kws Tshaj Lij Choj Tus Kws Ua Yeeb Yaj Kiab thiab Kws Ua Yeeb Yam Kiab Toom rau Lub Rooj Sab Laj Library.
Ntau cov ntawv sau cia ntawm McLeish cov haujlwm tau ua nyob rau hauv Yale University Beinecke Cov Tsev Qiv Ntawv Tsis tshua muaj thiab Cov Ntawv Sau. Ntxiv rau cov ntawv sau no thiab ntxiv rau lawv, ntau dua 13,500 yam khoom, cov ntawv sau thiab cov ntawv tshaj xo McLeish. Txhua tus puav leej nyob hauv Archibald McLeish sau ntawm Greenfield Community College hauv Greenfield, Massachusetts.
Archibald McLeish yog tus tau txais peb qhov khoom plig Pulitzer: ob rau paj huam. thiab ib qho rau kev ua yeeb yam. Nws tau txais thawj zaug xyoo 1933 rau zaj paj huam "The Conquistador". Qhov thib ob - nyob rau xyoo 1953 rau kev sau sau paj huam los ntawm 1917-1952. Qhov khoom plig thib peb rau JB Ua yeeb yam rau xyoo 1959.
Xyoo 1946, McLeish tau ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub Legion ntawm Liberty hauv Fabkis.
Xyoo 1953 nws tau txais qhov National Book Prize rau Paj Huam rau nws sau paj huam. Hauv tib lub xyoo, Archie tau txais lwm yam khoom plig rau paj huam - qhov khoom plig Bollingen.
Xyoo 1959 nws tau txais Tony nqi zog rau Kev Ua Yeeb Yam Zoo Tshaj - JB Ua Yeeb Yam.
Hauv xyoo 1977, McLeish tau txais qhov Medal Medal of Freedom.
Tus kheej lub neej
Archibald McLeish sib yuav Ada Hitchcock, kws yog nkauj paj nruag xyoo 1916. Tau ntau xyoo ntawm kev sib yuav, lawv nrhiav tau peb tug me nyuam: Kenneth, Mary Hillard thiab William. William McLeish tau tawm mus ntxiv kom sau nws txiv qhov kev sau siab Mountainous nrog Archie (2001).
Cov yeeb yaj kiab thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab ua yeeb yam raws li cov neeg sau ntawv ua haujlwm
Tus Eleanor Roosevelt Zaj Dab Neeg (1965) yog keeb kwm Asmeskas keeb kwm ua yeeb yaj kiab los ntawm Richard Kaplan raws li kev ua haujlwm ntawm Archibald MacLeish. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau xyoo 1965, daim duab no tau yeej qhov khoom plig Academy ntawm Cov Neeg Sau Se Zoo Tshaj.
Panic (1935) yog kev lom zem ua si los ntawm McLeish, ib qho ntawm nws qhov kev paub tsis tshua muaj kev ua haujlwm. Daim phiaj tau teev nyob rau xyoo thib rau ntawm Kev Muaj Kev Nyuaj Siab Loj, thaum Banking Panic ntawm 1933, thiab qhia txog lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm tus neeg nplua nuj hauv ntiaj teb, tus txhab nyiaj McGufferty. Qhov kev ua yeeb yam tau tshwm sim thawj zaug thaum xyoo 1935 ntawm Imperial Theatre hauv Manhattan, thiab tom qab ntawd tau ua yeeb yam hauv Phoenix Theatre.
Lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm lub nroog (1937) yog thawj Asmeskas kev ua yeeb yaj kiab. Thawj zaug tshaj tawm hauv xov tooj cua Columbia hauv xov tooj cua tshaj 30 feeb rau lub Plaub Hlis 11, 1937. Cov phiaj xwm ntawm kev ua yeeb yam yog cov lus piv txwv rau qhov nce ntawm kev siab phem.
JB yog ib tug 1958 ua si sau nyob rau hauv nqe dawb thiab yog ib tug niaj hnub rov qhia txog zaj dab neeg ntawm phau npaiv npaum cim Txoj hauj lwm. McLeish pib ua haujlwm rau nws hauv 1953 raws li qhov kev ua yeeb yam ib leeg, thiab ua tiav xyoo 1958 ua tiav peb qhov yeeb yaj kiab. Tam sim no, ob lub version ntawm kev ua si tau muaj txoj sia: tus thawj thiab hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub vijtsam rau Broadway, raug kho dua los ntawm MacLeish nws tus kheej.
