Cov hom phiaj ntawm monumental thiab cov duab pleev ua kom zoo nkauj suav nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov loj me, lub hom phiaj uas yog los kho cov kws kes duab vajtse thiab lub tsev. Monumental painting tau npaj rau saib nws los ntawm qhov kev ncua deb thiab yog li tsis muaj qhov sib tw me me thiab cov ntsiab lus hauv nws, nws cov kab yog qhov tseeb thiab laconic.
Fresco
Raws li cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov duab kos duab monumental, cov duab ntoo, xim ntoo, cov mosaics, cov xim kub-iav qhov rai yuav tsum khaws cia tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm cov duab kos kom zoo ib yam, txwv tsis pub lawv tsuas yog poob lawv lub ntsiab lus. Qhov feem ntau siv sij hawm thiab siv cov txheej txheem qub tshaj plaws ntawm kev pleev xim phab ntsa yog fresco ("al fresco" - nyoos), i.e. pleev xim rau ntawm ntub plaster.
Raws li cov xim pleev xim rau xim nrog xim fresco, tus tswv tau siv cov xim tshwj xeeb uas tau ntim nrog dej. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tib lub ziab kom qhuav ntawm cov xim tsev thiab lub hauv paus tuaj yeem lav qhov ua tau ntev thiab lub zog ntawm txheej. Cov nyhuv no tau tiav vim muaj cov yeeb yaj kiab tsim thaum lub sij hawm ziab ntawm calcium carbonate, uas tau txais kev pab raws li hom xim kho kom zoo nkauj. Cov xim palette ntawm fresco txawv ntawm mosaic thiab raug nthuav tawm hauv ntuj pastel tones. Tus kws kos duab paub txog tom qab paub tias tom qab ziab, cov xim tha xim ua xim tshiab dua, ntau ntxiv, lub xim tha xim pleev xim tsuas yog ua rau hauv qhov chaw, thaum lub plaster tseem ntub. Thaum muaj kev saib xyuas txhua yam hauv tha xim, tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi yuav kho tau, koj tsuas tuaj yeem tshem tawm tag nrho cov txheej ntawm plaster puas. Nov yog qhov uas Michelangelo tau ua, thiab lub ntiaj teb tam sim no qhuas txog qhov nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj Sistine.
Mosaic
Ib qho kev kos duab tsis nrov dua yog mosaic - ib daim duab uas tau tuav ntawm lub hauv paus cementing thiab muaj ntau cov xim ntawm ntau cov ntaub ntawv (marble, pebbles, smalt, semi-precious pob zeb, iav iav) ntawm ntau cov duab nruj nreem haum rau txhua lwm yam Cov.
Thawj lub pob zeb mosaics dai rau hauv cov tsev ntawm palaces thiab noble tsev hauv Rome thiab Pompeii. Lawv piav qhia cov ntawv luam tawm los ntawm Greek cov tswv thiab tsim cov duab toj roob hauv pes. Maj mam, cov mosaic ua los ntawm cov iav dawb lias (smalt) tau txav los ntawm cov plag tsev mus rau chav tsev thiab phab ntsa ntawm cov tuam tsev. Txhawm rau kom lub teeb ua si thiab lub teeb ci, cov smalt daim tsis ncaj ntawm qhov chaw, uas tau muab lub teeb pom kev zoo zoo. Nws yog vim hais tias ntawm cov cuab yeej no ntawm mosaics tias ib lub teeb tshwj xeeb aura tau tshwj tseg hauv kev hais lus niaj hnub no.
Tsuas iav
Lub npe "stained iav" hauv Fab Kis txhais tau tias qhov rai iav. Raws li keeb kwm, thawj cov iav qhov rai iav tau dai cov tsev ntawm lub Koom Txoos Kas Tos Liv thaum ntxov raws li thawj xyoo pua AD. Los ntawm kev siv cov xim pleev xim iav, lub teeb hla dhau ntawm cov iav stained yog xim thiab tsim kom muaj qhov chaw huab cua zoo rau qhov chaw teev ntuj.
Cov haujlwm qub tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Tebchaws Europe suav hais tias yog tsib daim iav tsuas los ntawm Augsburg Cathedral. Lawv tau ua los ntawm cov iav ci ntau xim siv cov tonal shading thiab cov txheej txheem tha xim uas tsuas yog cov kws ua haujlwm muaj peev xwm ua tau.
Vaj huam sib luag
Lub vaj huam sib luag txhais tau hais tias ib qho me me ntawm ib lub phab ntsa, muaj qhov tseem ceeb los ntawm ib qho chaw nkaum thiab ntim sab hauv nrog cov duab puab lossis duab kos duab. Raws li hom duab ntawm monumental painting, lub vaj huam sib luag tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv daim ntawv pleev xim lossis daim duab nyem. Lub vaj huam sib luag tuaj yeem ua cov mosaics lossis cov vuas, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntoo, embossing, plaster stucco molding, thiab lwm yam. Koj tuaj yeem yuav cov vaj huam sib luag npaj ua los ntawm cov vuas lossis cov ntawv ntsa, lossis koj tuaj yeem nqa koj lub tswv yim zoo rau lub neej.
