Nws tshwm sim hais tias lub suab sib dhos tau yug los ntawm nws tus kheej, zoo li qee qhov muse ntxhi lus ib nqe rau tus kws sau paj lug. Txawm li cas los xij, nws nyuaj rau novice cov kws sau paj lug los nrhiav cov lus sib dhos: cov lus tshaj tawm yog nrog cov tsim txom tiag tiag ntawm kev muaj tswv yim.
Paj huam puas xav tau kev?
Cov lus zoo uas tsis muaj qhov tsis tseem ceeb yog yuav luag qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau kev sau paj huam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hais tias tus kws sau npaj siab tsim lub tswv yim. Cov paj huam enchant tus nyeem ntawv tsis tsuas yog nrog lawv cov ntsiab lus, tab sis kuj nrog lawv daim ntawv: nrog lub suab lus zoo nkauj, nrog cov lus thiab cov lus siv, thiab, tau kawg, xaiv cov lus sib dhos.
Qhov tseeb, cov ntsiab cai ntawm cov lus sib dhos yog yooj yim heev. Ua ntej tshaj, tus nyeem xav ntsib cov lus tsis sib dhos, muaj lub suab sib txawv. Banal kev sib xyaw ua ke xws li "kua muag-ua daus" thiab "hlub-ntshav" tau mob ntev. Yuav kom zam tau qhov kev hais tawm tsis zoo nyob hauv nws txoj haujlwm, tus kws sau ntawv tshiab yuav tsum kawm qee lub hauv paus.
Ntau hom lus sib dhos
Qee tus kws sau paj lug ntseeg tias kev kos duab paj nruag yog lub siab ntawm tus ntsuj plig, nws yog qhov tsis paub cai thiab tsis muaj tseeb. Qhov tseeb, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nws muaj nws txoj cai, thiab txawm tias cov lus sib dhos qiv lawv tus kheej rau kev faib tawm. Paub txog cov lus sib txawv muaj peev xwm pab tau tus kws sau paj lug pom qhov sib haum zoo.
Cov lus sib dhos - thaum tus kws sau paj huam sib dhos rau tib seem ntawm kev hais lus: "raug kev txom nyem-npau suav", "txias-tshaib plab", "hiav txwv-kev tu siab". Nws tsis yog qhov nyuaj kom nrhiav tau cov lus sib dhos, tab sis tus nyeem feem ntau pom tias nws yog banal thiab tsis txaus siab. Yog lawm, xws li cov lus sib dhos muaj cai muaj nyob, tab sis lawv yuav tsum siv tsawg li sai tau.
Dissimilar lus sib dhos - thaum, nyob rau hauv kev sib piv rau thaum uas tig mus sib dhos, cov lus consonant yog qhov sib txawv ntawm kev hais lus: "hnub nrawm dua", "tua neeg".
Pantorhyme yog thaum txhua lo lus sib dhos hauv ib nqe, thiab tsis yog kab kawg nkaus xwb:
Hloov chaw tsis tau ntxuav
Pronouns "koj", "peb", "koj".
Tsis muaj cov paj huam uas ua los ntawm siv tshwj xeeb rau pantorithm; hauv cov paj huam, lawv tsuas pom hauv qhov tawg. Nws yog qhov nyuaj nrhiav cov lus sib dhos, kom tus kws sau paj huam tsis zoo li yuav raug cem rau banality rau siv pantorhyme hauv nqe lus.
Cross rhyme (ABAB) - thaum kws sau paj huam lus sib dhos ib kab, ib qho, piv txwv, hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm A. Akhmatova:
Thiab koj xav tias kuv zoo li ntawd thiab (A)
Tias koj tuaj yeem tsis nco kuv (B), Thiab hais tias kuv yuav muab kuv tus kheej pov, thov Vajtswv thiab ntxo (A), Hauv qab cov hooves ntawm tus nees bay (B).
Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov nyiam tshaj plaws ntawm cov lus sib dhos, uas tsis plam nws qhov tseeb.
A pseudo-rhyme yog ib qho tsis haum. Cov suab lus ntxhov siab ua ke hauv cov lus, cov suab lus tom qab ntxhov siab tsuas yog sau ua: "kev xyiv fab - hnub nyoog laus." Muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm pseudo-lus sib dhos. Piv txwv li, rhyme rov qab sib dhos yog cov lus sib dhos ua rau ntawm kev rov ua dua ntawm cov suab lus: "sharper - mus txog". Cov lus sib dhos no siv tsis tshua muaj nqi, tab sis lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob siv dhau: ib tus yuav tau txais kev pom tias tus kws sau paj nruag tau caum cov khoom qub rau qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov ntsiab lus.
Lwm hom kev sib dhos tsis sib haum yog lus sib dhos ua ntej, uas yog ua raws cov lus xaus ntawm cov lus thiab cov lus sib dhos ntawm cov lus sib dhos: "Qw yog cov qauv."
Cov lus sib dhos ua ntej yog pseudo-suab sib dhos hauv cov suab lus uas raug ntxhov siab thiab cov suab lus tawm suab ua ntej: "proletarian - yoov los." Cov suab sib xws hauv cov lus, zoo dua li cov suab xaus.
Tau txais cov lus sib dhos yog ib hom pseudo-rhyme thaum muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov lus, tab sis lawv yog tus sau npe: "herring-tooj liab", "txiv hmab txiv ntoo-phaus".
Tsib zaj lus sib dhos - thaum ib tus kws sau paj huam tau sau tsib kab hauv nws zaj paj huam.
Ib qho kev sib dhos hyperdactylic yog ib qho uas qhov kev ntxhov siab poob ntawm tsib suab los ntawm qhov kawg: "txhawj xeeb - hlub."
Cov lus sib dhos Equosyllabic - thaum cov lus sib dhos yog raws tus ntawv raws cov ntawv uas muaj pes tsawg tus lej tom qab ntxhov siab. Ib qho piv txwv yog paj huam los ntawm F. Tyutchev:
Koj tsis tuaj yeem nkag siab Lavxias nrog koj lub siab, Yuav ntsuas qhov ntsuas ntawm tus pas ntsuas dav dav, Nws muaj qhov tshwj xeeb dhau los -
Koj yuav ntseeg hauv Lavxias xwb.
Kev ua yeeb yam qias neeg
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv kev xaiv cov lus sib dhos yog sib xws ntawm cov ntawv ceeb toom ntxhov siab. Cov lus "cim-xaub" tsis muaj suab, tsis hais cov tsiaj ntawv tom kawg los zoo ib yam.
Kev siv cov sib txuas ua ke xws li "kev hlub-tshem tawm" yog kev tso cai: xws li cov lus sib dhos hu ua suab paj nruag cov lus sib dhos thiab muaj npe nrov hauv cov paj huam niaj hnub.
Tus nqe yog pom los ntawm pob ntseg, tsis yog lub zeem muag. Yog tias sau ntawv ntawm lo lus txawv ntawm kev hais, lub suab xaus sib yuav zoo rau ntawm daim ntawv, tab sis tseem hais tau meej. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov lus sib dhos li no tuaj yeem pom hauv Pushkin: "tho txawv thiab txhaws."
Nws tsim nyog, yog tias ua tau, kom pov tseg dhau kev rov ua dua ntawm cov lus siv hauv cov lus sib dhos. Cov lus yuav tsum muaj tus ntawv, tab sis tsis pheej hais yuav luag tag.
Yog tias koj tsis pom lub suab lus zoo, koj tuaj yeem tso cov lus daws teeb meem nyob nruab nrab ntawm kab.
